Runway incursion & runway safety

what is runway incursion ?  is any occurrence at an airport where the incorrect presence of an aircraft , person or vehicle on the protected area of a runway surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.

 

Incursion severity categories :

• category A : a collision take placer is only narrowly avoided .Incursion severity categories
• category B:  significant potential for collision existed .
• category C : ample time and distance to avoid a potential collision .
• category D : little or no chance of a collision ( the majority of general aviation GA ) .

 

 

Types of incursion : 

• pilot deviation :         an action of pilot that violates the regulation .
• operational errors:   an action of an ATC controller that results in less than required                                                      minimum separation .
• vehicle /pedestrian : includes pedestrians,vehical or other objects interfering with aircraft operations by entering or moving on the movement area without ATC clearance .

Causes of Runway incursion :

• Ignorance : the pilot isn’t aware of proper procedures , doesn’t understand ATC instructions ,or fails to properly interpret airport signs and markings.
• distraction : the pilot loses his situation awareness because of distractions in the cockpit ( passengers , avionics , preflight tasks ,,,,,,,etc ) .
• complacency : the pilot gets a little too comfortable with the situation and lets down his awareness .

Complication that contribute to runway incursion 

1. distraction
2. weather and light
3. airport layout
4. unfamiliarity with airport sign

 

 

 

Runway safety only happens with good instruction and the inherent risks during ground operations . 

Tips and reminders :

Tower issues :  sometimes the controllers are working multiple frequencies and may take a while to respond to you .

Copying the clearance:  a copying clearance will help pilot’s keep up with busy controllers .

Readbacks clearance : must be done correctly or ATC will repeat the instruction until you get it right .

Progressive taxi : if you are not sure where to go , ask ATC to give you progressive instructions to reach your destination .

it’s critical to let ATC know if you are unable to comply with instructions that you have already accepted .

Hotspot :  These are areas on the airport where problems crop up more often .the civil aviation of each country provides  information about these areas on airport diagram .

Parallel runways ,intersection, tight taxiways , unseen Runway and adjacent ends all present the opportunity for pilots to commit a runway incursion if they are not aware of their presence

Notams : read the note to ensure you are aware of anything that affects normal airport operations.

Airport diagram : always use airport diagram to navigate your way around the airport.